Several areas in England and Wales have been identified as “Blue Zones,” regions with a higher-than-average population of individuals living past the age of 100. These findings, released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), highlight East Devon, Waverley, New Forest, and Arun, where centenarians exceed 52 per 100,000 people. This contrasts sharply with some London boroughs, where the rate is fewer than 10 centenarians per 100,000. Experts suggest that a combination of factors, including access to better resources, lower stress levels, and higher-quality food, may contribute to this increased longevity.
Leslie Kenny, co-founder of the Oxford Longevity Project, emphasizes the importance of studying these areas and drawing inspiration from global longevity hotspots like Okinawa in Japan, Sardinia, and Ikaria. She advocates for adopting healthy habits observed in these communities, stating, “We all need to be looking around and identifying those places where people live longer, and seeing what we can take from that.” While genetics play a role, Kenny believes that epigenetic factors, such as lifestyle and environment, are the primary drivers of healthspan and longevity.
Kenny outlines basic tenets for a long and healthy life: sleep, movement, diet, and social networks. The identified Blue Zones in England and Wales share a common characteristic with their international counterparts: access to natural beauty that encourages outdoor activity. Exposure to sunlight promotes vitamin D production, crucial for health and immunity, and coastal living often motivates individuals to engage in regular physical activity. Joyce Larkin, a 93-year-old resident of Folkestone, attests to the benefits of a seaside town, citing its scenery and vibrant social life as key factors in her well-being.
Kenny cautions against seeking a single solution for longevity, instead advocating for incremental improvements in various aspects of life. She highlights the importance of preventing inflammaging, inflammation associated with aging, through adequate sleep and a balanced diet. Movement, particularly in natural environments like forests, can also have a calming effect on the nervous system and promote social interaction. Furthermore, a sense of purpose, or “ikigai,” can contribute to overall well-being and motivation.
The example of Okinawa demonstrates the impact of dietary changes on longevity. While traditionally known for its healthy, plant-based diet, younger generations in Okinawa are increasingly adopting Western dietary habits, leading to concerns about future health outcomes. Kenny emphasizes the importance of limiting processed foods and sugar, and incorporating spices and herbs into meals to combat inflammation. Ultimately, achieving a long and healthy life requires a holistic approach that encompasses lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and social connections.
