Global Water Cycle Becomes More Unpredictable, WMO Report Warns
The Earth’s water cycle is experiencing unprecedented fluctuations, with extreme weather events becoming more frequent and severe. A recent report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlights how climate change is disrupting this natural system, leading to devastating consequences for ecosystems, economies, and communities worldwide.
Key Findings of the WMO Report
The report reveals that nearly two-thirds of global river basins faced either excessive or insufficient water in 2024, marking a significant shift from historical patterns. This imbalance has led to both prolonged droughts and catastrophic flooding, creating challenges for agriculture, infrastructure, and public health.
In regions like the Amazon, water levels reached record lows, while parts of southern Africa faced severe droughts that forced governments to cull wildlife. In the United States, crops in states such as Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas suffered due to extreme dryness. Meanwhile, rising temperatures have also impacted the quality of water in the world’s major lakes.
Increasing Frequency of Flooding
Despite the widespread droughts, the report also notes an alarming increase in flooding events. Europe experienced its most extensive flooding since 2013, and Hurricane Helene caused devastating floods in the U.S., resulting in at least 230 deaths. In West and Central Africa, extensive flooding led to around 1,500 fatalities.
These extreme weather events are not isolated incidents but part of a growing trend. The WMO reports that the frequency and intensity of such events are on the rise, driven by the accelerating effects of climate change.
Impact on Glaciers and Sea Levels
The report also highlights the severe impact of climate change on the planet’s icy landscapes. Glaciers lost 450 gigatons of ice in 2024, equivalent to a massive block of water that could fill 180 million Olympic swimming pools. This loss was observed across Scandinavia, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, and northern Asia.
Glacial melting contributes significantly to sea level rise and increases the risk of flooding in coastal areas. It also threatens countries that depend on glaciers for power, irrigation, and drinking water.
Economic and Social Consequences
While it is difficult to quantify the total economic cost of these changes, individual flood events last year caused billions in damages. Moreover, the shifting availability of water resources can lead to increased tensions and conflicts, particularly in regions where access to clean water is already limited.
Celeste Saulo, the WMO secretary-general, emphasized the critical role of water in sustaining societies, powering economies, and maintaining ecosystems. “Yet the world’s water resources are under growing pressure,” she said, adding that extreme water-related hazards are increasingly affecting lives and livelihoods.
Long-Term Implications
The findings underscore the urgent need for global action to mitigate the impacts of climate change and adapt to the new realities of the water cycle. As the planet continues to warm, the balance of water distribution will become even more unpredictable, requiring coordinated efforts from governments, scientists, and communities worldwide.
With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, the importance of resilient infrastructure, sustainable water management, and international cooperation cannot be overstated. The WMO report serves as a stark reminder of the challenges ahead and the need for immediate and sustained action.
